Appearance
4.2 Fault Tolerance 容错性
Computer systems and networks facilitate the transfer of data.
- 计算机系统和网络促进数据的传输。
核心要点 Core Points
The Internet has been engineered to be fault-tolerant, with abstractions for routing and transmitting data.
- 互联网被设计为容错的，具有用于路由和传输数据的抽象。
Redundancy is the inclusion of extra components that can be used to mitigate failure of a system if other components fail.
- 冗余是包含额外组件，当其他组件失败时可用于减轻系统故障。
One way to accomplish network redundancy is by having more than one path between any two connected devices.
- 实现网络冗余的一种方法是在任何两个连接的设备之间拥有多条路径。
If a particular device or connection on the Internet fails, subsequent data will be sent via a different route, if possible.
- 如果互联网上的特定设备或连接失败，后续数据将尽可能通过不同的路由发送。
When a system can support failures and still continue to function, it is called fault-tolerant. This is important because elements of complex systems fail at unexpected times, often in groups, and fault tolerance allows users to continue to use the network.
- 当系统能够支持故障并仍然继续运行时，它被称为容错的。这很重要，因为复杂系统的元素在意外时间失败，通常是成组失败，容错性允许用户继续使用网络。
Redundancy within a system often requires additional resources but can provide the benefit of fault tolerance.
- 系统内的冗余通常需要额外的资源，但可以提供容错性的好处。
The redundancy of routing options between two points increases the reliability of the Internet and helps it scale to more devices and more people.
- 两点之间路由选项的冗余增加了互联网的可靠性，并帮助它扩展到更多设备和更多人。
学生活动 Student Activities
- For fault-tolerant systems, like the Internet:
- 对于容错系统，如互联网：
- Describe the benefits of fault tolerance.
- 描述容错性的好处。
- Explain how a given system is fault-tolerant.
- 解释给定系统如何容错。
- Identify vulnerabilities to failure in a system.
- 识别系统中的故障漏洞。