2.4 Using Programs with Data 使用程序处理数据

Programs can be used to process data, which allows users to discover information and create new knowledge.

• 程序可用于处理数据，这允许用户发现信息并创建新知识。

核心要点 Core Points

1. Programs can be used to process data to acquire information.

   • 程序可用于处理数据以获取信息。

2. Tables, diagrams, text, and other visual tools can be used to communicate insight and knowledge gained from data.

   • 表格、图表、文本和其他可视化工具可用于传达从数据中获得的洞察和知识。

3. Search tools are useful for efficiently finding information.

   • 搜索工具对于高效查找信息很有用。

4. Data filtering systems are important tools for finding information and recognizing patterns in data.

   • 数据过滤系统是查找信息和识别数据模式的重要工具。

5. Programs such as spreadsheets help efficiently organize and find trends in information.

   • 电子表格等程序有助于高效地组织和查找信息中的趋势。

6. Some processes that can be used to extract or modify information from data include the following:

   • 一些可用于从数据中提取或修改信息的过程包括以下内容：
   • transforming every element of a data set, such as doubling every element in a list, or adding a parent's email to every student record
     • 转换数据集的每个元素，例如将列表中的每个元素加倍，或为每个学生记录添加家长的电子邮件
   • filtering a data set, such as keeping only the positive numbers from a list, or keeping only students who signed up for band from a record of all the students
     • 过滤数据集，例如只保留列表中的正数，或只保留所有学生记录中报名参加乐队的学生
   • combining or comparing data in some way, such as adding up a list of numbers, or finding the student who has the highest GPA
     • 以某种方式组合或比较数据，例如将数字列表相加，或找到GPA最高的学生
   • visualizing a data set through a chart, graph, or other visual representation
     • 通过图表、图形或其他视觉表示来可视化数据集

7. Programs are used in an iterative and interactive way when processing information to allow users to gain insight and knowledge about data.

   • 在处理信息时，程序以迭代和交互的方式使用，以允许用户获得关于数据的洞察和知识。

8. Programmers can use programs to filter and clean digital data, thereby gaining insight and knowledge.

   • 程序员可以使用程序来过滤和清理数字数据，从而获得洞察和知识。

9. Combining data sources, clustering data, and classifying data are parts of the process of using programs to gain insight and knowledge from data.

   • 结合数据源、聚类数据和分类数据是使用程序从数据中获得洞察和知识过程的一部分。

10. Insight and knowledge can be obtained from translating and transforming digitally represented information.

    • 洞察和知识可以从翻译和转换数字表示的信息中获得。

11. Patterns can emerge when data are transformed using programs.

    • 当使用程序转换数据时，模式可能会出现。

学生活动 Student Activities

1. Extract information from data using a program.

   • 使用程序从数据中提取信息。

2. Explain how programs can be used to gain insight and knowledge from data.

   • 解释如何使用程序从数据中获得洞察和知识。

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