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1.3 Program Design and Development 程序设计与开发
Developers create and innovate using an iterative design process that is user-focused, that incorporates implementation/feedback cycles, and that leaves ample room for experimentation and risk-taking.
- 开发者使用以用户为中心的迭代设计过程进行创造和创新，该过程包含实施/反馈循环，并为实验和风险承担留有充足空间。
核心要点 Core Points
The development process can be ordered and intentional, or be exploratory in nature.
- 开发过程可以是有序和有意的，也可以是探索性的。
There are multiple development processes. The phases commonly used in developing programs include:
- 存在多种开发过程。开发程序时常用的阶段包括：
- investigating and reflecting 调查和反思
- designing 设计
- prototyping 原型制作
- testing 测试
An iterative development process requires refinement and revision based on feedback, testing, or reflection throughout the process. This may require revisiting earlier phases of the process.
- 迭代开发过程需要根据反馈、测试或整个过程中的反思进行改进和修订。这可能需要重新审视过程的早期阶段。
An incremental development process breaks the problem into smaller pieces and makes sure each piece works before adding it to the whole.
- 增量开发过程将问题分解成更小的部分，并确保每个部分在添加到整体之前都能正常工作。
The design of a program incorporates investigation to determine its requirements.
- 程序的设计包含调查以确定其需求。
Investigation in a development process is useful for understanding and identifying the program constraints, as well as the concerns and interests of the people who will use the program.
- 开发过程中的调查有助于理解和识别程序约束，以及将使用程序的人们的关注点和兴趣。
Some ways investigation can be performed are as follows:
- 可以进行调查的一些方式如下：
- collecting data through surveys 通过调查收集数据
- user testing 用户测试
- interviews 访谈
- direct observations 直接观察
Program requirements describe how a program functions and may include a description of user interactions that a program must provide.
- 程序需求描述程序如何运行，可能包括程序必须提供的用户交互描述。
A program's specification defines the requirements for the program.
- 程序的规范定义了程序的需求。
In a development process, the design phase outlines how to accomplish a given program specification.
- 在开发过程中，设计阶段概述如何完成给定的程序规范。
The design phase of a program may include:
- 程序的设计阶段可能包括：
- brainstorming 头脑风暴
- planning and storyboarding 规划和故事板制作
- organizing the program into modules and functional components 将程序组织成模块和功能组件
- creation of diagrams that represent the layouts of the user interface 创建表示用户界面布局的图表
- development of a testing strategy for the program 为程序制定测试策略
学生活动 Student Activities
Use a development process to develop programs.
- 使用开发过程来开发程序。
Design a program and its user interface.
- 设计程序及其用户界面。
相关资源 Related Resources
- Professional Development > Teaching and Assessing Module: Explaining Processes from College Board
- 专业发展 > 教学与评估模块：解释过程 来自大学理事会
必背单词
- order 有序，顺序，预定
- intentional 有意的
- exploratory 探索
- phase 阶段
- investigating 调查，调研
- reflecting 反思，反射
- prototyping 原型制作
- testing 测试
- refinement 改善
- revision 修改，修订
- process 过程
- incremental development 增量开发
- incorporates 包含
- constraint 限制，约束
- survey 民意调查，民意测试
- interviews 访谈
- observation 观察
- interaction designer 交互设计师
- specification 规范
- brainstorming 头脑风暴
- storyboarding 故事板
- organize 组织
- modules 模块
- component 组件
- diagram 图表
- layout 布局
- interface 界面
- user interface designer UI设计师，用户界面设计师
- strategy 策略
- Princeton University 普林斯顿大学