1.2 Program Function and Purpose 程序功能与目的

Developers create and innovate using an iterative design process that is user-focused, that incorporates implementation/feedback cycles, and that leaves ample room for experimentation and risk-taking.

• 开发者使用以用户为中心的迭代设计过程进行创造和创新，该过程包含实施/反馈循环，并为实验和风险承担留有充足空间。

核心要点 Core Points

1. The purpose of computing innovations is to solve problems or to pursue interests through creative expression.

   • 计算创新的目的是通过创造性表达来解决问题或追求兴趣。

2. An understanding of the purpose of a computing innovation provides developers with an improved ability to develop that computing innovation.

   • 理解计算创新的目的为开发者提供了改进开发该计算创新的能力。

3. A program is a collection of program statements that performs a specific task when run by a computer. A program is often referred to as software.

   • 一个程序是在计算机运行时执行特定任务的程序语句集合。程序通常被称为软件。

4. A code segment is a collection of program statements that is part of a program.

   • 一个代码段是程序的一部分的程序语句集合。

5. A program needs to work for a variety of inputs and situations.

   • 程序需要适用于各种输入和情况。

6. The behavior of a program is how a program functions during execution and is often described by how a user interacts with it.

   • 程序的行为是程序在执行期间如何运行，通常通过用户如何与它交互来描述。

7. A program can be described broadly by what it does, or in more detail by both what the program does and how the program statements accomplish this function.

   • 程序可以通过它做什么来广泛描述，或者通过程序做什么以及程序语句如何实现这个功能来更详细地描述。

8. Program inputs are data sent to a computer for processing by a program. Input can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile, audio, visual, or text.

   • 程序输入是发送给计算机供程序处理的数据。输入可以有多种形式，如触觉、音频、视觉或文本。

9. An event is associated with an action and supplies input data to a program.

   • 事件与动作相关联，并为程序提供输入数据。

10. Events can be generated when a key is pressed, a mouse is clicked, a program is started, or any other defined action occurs that affects the flow of execution.

    • 当按下键、点击鼠标、启动程序或发生任何其他影响执行流程的定义动作时，可以生成事件。

11. Inputs usually affect the output produced by a program.

    • 输入通常影响程序产生的输出。

12. In event-driven programming, program statements are executed when triggered rather than through the sequential flow of control.

    • 在事件驱动编程中，程序语句在触发时执行，而不是通过顺序控制流。

13. Input can come from a user or other programs.

    • 输入可以来自用户或其他程序。

14. Program outputs are any data sent from a program to a device. Program output can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile, audio, visual, or text.

    • 程序输出是从程序发送到设备的任何数据。程序输出可以有多种形式，如触觉、音频、视觉或文本。

15. Program output is usually based on a program's input or prior state (e.g., internal values).

    • 程序输出通常基于程序的输入或先前状态（例如，内部值）。

学生活动 Student Activities

1. Describe the purpose of a computing innovation.

   • 描述计算创新的目的。

2. Explain how a program or code segment functions.

   • 解释程序或代码段如何运行。

3. Identify input(s) to a program.

   • 识别程序的输入。

4. Identify output(s) produced by a program.

   • 识别程序产生的输出。

相关资源 Related Resources

• Professional Development > Teaching and Assessing Module: Explaining Processes from College Board

  • 专业发展 > 教学与评估模块：解释过程 来自大学理事会

• ACM Tech News from Association for Computing Machinery

  • ACM技术新闻 来自计算机械协会

必背单词

1. iterative 迭代的
2. design 设计
3. process 过程
4. user-focused 以用户为中心
5. implementation 实现
6. feedback 反馈
7. cycles 周期，循环
8. ample 充足的
9. pursue interests 追求兴趣
10. program 程序
11. code segment 代码段
12. situation 情况
13. input 输入
14. output 输出
15. behavior 行为
16. interact 交互
17. tactile 触觉的
18. visual 视觉的
19. event 事件
20. event-driven 事件驱动
21. flow 流
22. sequential 顺序的
23. prior state 先前状态